• intersection of compact sets is compact

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    Explain why the resulting set is not compact. Sets of sizes up to four are represented by a single object that stores all elements as fields. Once the concrete has cured, set a post on top of the footer. Thus, A contains 22"0 closed and hence compact sets. With the ID.3 a new era of mobility at Volkswagen has started – intelligent, innovative and sustainable. Thhis shows that \(A\) is compact as desired. $$ Then, the intersection A n K is compact. The set $\{a\}$ is compact since it is finite. The above theorem is essentially the definition of a compact space rewritten using de Morgan’s laws. Let fF j 2Jgbe a collection of compact subsets of R. By Heine-Borel, each F is closed and bounded. Maybe just to get rid of such examples. Then \(\sup A\) exists. Let $p \in K^c$. Intersections and self-intersections of Brownian paths 239 1. We now must show that \(s \in A\). _.chunk(array, [size=1]) source npm package. If F_1 F_2 F_3 F_4 ... is a nested sequence of; Question: Decide whether the following propositions are true or false. Can I replace a bulb with one with more watt? Simple string manipulation in C (for small microcontrollers). Compact Sets De nition 3.4. Found inside – Page 694If any of the adjectives bounded , totally bounded , and compact apply to the set of all points in a metric space , then the ... The intersection of a collection of compact sets is empty if and only if the intersection of some finite ... A family F of closed sets satis es nite intersection property if every intersection of nitely many sets in F is nonempty. Let \(D\) be a subset of \(\mathbb{R}\). How does the mandalorian armor stop a lightsaber? Extreme value theorem: A continuous image of a compact set is compact. Compact Sets 1 Section 26. Let \(F=G^{c}\). Suppose that Xis sequentially compact. Now we prove that A\B is compact. This implies \(a_{N} \in A^{c}\), a contradiction. Which amount of fuel is important - mass or volume? Let \(a, b \in \mathbb{R}\), \(a \leq b\). Q1-1: Find all compact spaces. Since S 1 and S 2 are compact they are closed and bounded sets (by the Heine-Borel theorem). Then \(G\) is a union of open subsets of \(\mathbb{R}\), so \(G\) is open. The symbol used for the intersection of the two sets A and B is given by A ∩ B . Thank you for the example... that makes things a lot more clear! 2. 2. Example Intersection() is a pre-defined function in python used to perform intersection between two elements of a set. This space is compact, however is not Hausdorff. And many spaces occurring in algebraic geometry are not Hausdorff. MA has many different equivalent formulations and has been used very successfully to settle a large number of open problems in other areas of mathematics. Let {Vα} be an open cover of F. Then Fc is a trivial open cover of Fc. Compact Spaces Connected Sets Intersection of Compact Sets Theorem If fK : 2Igis a collection of compact subsets of a metric space X such that the intersection of every nite subcollection of fK : 2Igis non-empty then T 2I K is nonempty. Have questions or comments? Pick any point x 1 in this intersection. Every collection of closed subsets of X with the finite intersection Then, If you understand it as an open cover for topological space $A$, then "open" means open in $A$ (with the subspace topology) and "cover" is understood as "equal" compact. Then A = A j is not empty. Let us now show that \(A\) is closed. Let A C R be arbitrary, and let K C R be compact. For example, let $\tau$ be the cofinite topology on $\Bbb Z$: the open sets are $\varnothing$ and the sets whose complements in $\Bbb Z$ are finite. Found inside – Page 248Properties of Compact Sets and Spaces It is clear from the definitions that any compact set ( space ) is a countable ... 4.25 from the compactness of A follows that the intersection of all the sets of the system { Fa } is not empty . Xand any nite collection of these has non-empty intersection. A family $\mathscr{U}$ of open subsets of $X$ is an open cover of $K$ if $K\subseteq\bigcup\mathscr{U}$; it’s not required that $K=\bigcup\mathscr{U}$. (a) Find an open cover of (1;2) that has no nite subcover. Since each \(G_{i}\) is open, there exists\(\delta_{i}>0\) such that, \[B\left(a ; \delta_{i}\right) \subset G_{i}.\], Let \(\delta=\min \left\{\delta_{i}: i=1, \ldots, n\right\}\). Thus, \(\bar{x} \in D \cap F=K\). Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits are the workhorses of the oil field. Then there exists \(\alpha_{0} \in I\) such that, Since \(G_{\alpha_{0}}\) is open, there exists \(\delta>0\) such that. Polar sets and capacities 226 4. Then \(\delta>0\) and. Rudin proof: closed subsets of compact sets are compact, Maximal compact topology iff compact sets are closed. Exercise \(\PageIndex{4}\) Prove that the intersection of any collection of compact subsets of \(\mathbb{R}\) is compact. You’re right that $\bigcup\mathscr{U}$, being a union of open sets, must be open in $X$, but it needn’t be equal to $K$. Intersection equivalence of Brownian motion and percolation limit sets 247 3. 2.36 Theorem If {Kα} is a collection of com-pact subsets of a metric space X such that the intersection of every finite subcollection of {Kα} is nonempty, then ∩Kα is nonempty. Nachbin [6] observed that, more generally, the intersection of “compactly many” open sets is open (see Section 2 for a precise formulation of this fact). Apoint x∈ R d isalimitpointoftheset E ifforevery r> 0,theball For any \(a \in V\), we have \(a \in G\), so there exists \(\delta>0\) such that, \[B(a ; \delta) \cap D \subset G \cap D=V.\]. Guide for proving Theorem 6. Classify each subset of \(D\) below as open in \(D\), closed in \(D\), neither or both. Since \(\left\{x_{k}\right\}\) is also a sequence in \(F\) and \(F\) is a closed subset of \(\mathbb{R}\), \(\bar{x} \in F\). \(\square\). This is a contradiction because \(\left\{\left|a_{n_{k}}\right|\right\}\) converges to \(|a|\). Assume that \(K\) is a compact subset of \(\R^n\) and that \(\mathbf f:K\to \R^k\) is continuous. Let \(\left\{x_{k}\right\}\) be a sequence in \(K\) that converges to a point \(\bar{x} \in D\). How can I connect a desktop without wireless to the Internet with a smartphone? Since \(F^{c}\) is an open subset of \(\mathbb{R}\), applying Theorem 2.6.7 again, one has the \(D \backslash K\) is open in \(D\). The symbol for intersection is sometimes replaced by the word “and” between two sets. In fact, any point of the interval \([0,1]\) is a limit point of \(A\). The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Mathematics Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us, You are confusing the definitions. 1 9 t h. (ii) The intersection of an arbitrary collection of closed sets is closed. Using the Intersection() function. Since \([a, b]^{c}=(-\infty, a) \cup(b, \infty)\), \([a, b]^{c}\) is open by Theorem 2.6.1. Use De Morgan’s Laws and Theorem 3.1. (6) Let A be a subset of a topological space X. x 2X is a cluster point of A in X if x 2A fxg. Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of size.If array can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining elements. We show this by finding a sequence \(\left\{a_{n}\right\}\) in \(A\) for which no subsequence converges to a point in \(A\). It only takes a minute to sign up. Remark 5.1. Or, passing to $$ By 1, this intersection is also compact since the intersection is a closed set of any compact set (in the family). Solution. Proof: Easy. Found inside – Page 123If f : X → R is continuous and X is countably compact , then the open cover of X by the sets f - 1 - n , n ) has a finite ... of a Hausdorff space X is compact ; " Hausdorff ” is necessary , even for intersections of two compact sets . Suppose by contradiction that \(A\) is not closed. By Theorem 2.6.9, there exists a closed subset \(F\) of \(\mathbb{R}\) such that. The intersection of a finite number of open sets in \(D\) is open in \(D\). Locally compact spaces 27 Remark that, if Xis already compact, we can still define the topological space Xα = Xt {∞}, but this time the singleton set {∞} will be also be open (equiv- alently ∞ is an isolated point in Xα).Although ι(X) will still be open in Xα, it will not be dense in Xα. A metric space has the nite intersection property for closed sets if every decreasing sequence of closed, nonempty sets has nonempty intersection. Let us first show that \(A\) is bounded. The intersection of any collection of closed subsets of \(\mathbb{R}\) is closed. Hausdorff Spaces and Compact Spaces 3.1 Hausdorff Spaces Definition A topological space X is Hausdorff if for any x,y ∈ X with x 6= y there exist open sets U containing x and V containing y such that U T V = ∅. Since Xis compact, it has a nite subcover ff 1(G i ˝ Problem 2. Hence S 1 [S 2 is a closed set since is a nite union of closed sets. It’s a straightforward exercise to show that every subset of $\Bbb Z$ is compact in this topology, but the only closed sets are the finite ones and $\Bbb Z$ itself. I think what confuses you is the difference between "compact subset of a topological space" and "compact space" and also the word "open" in "open cover". Let \(D\) be a subset of \(\mathbb{R}\). Beyond that size, immutable sets are implemented as hash tries . The subsets \(\emptyset\) and \(D\) are open in \(D\). For a metric space (X,ρ), the following are equivalent: 1. Sets 1 1.2. All elements of \(A\) are isolated points. Take any \(a \in G\). The closure of A is the intersection of all closed sets containing A. Let us prove, for instance, (b). A subset \(A\) of \(\mathbb{R}\) is closed if and only if for any sequence \(\left\{a_{n}\right\}\) in \(A\) that converges to a point \(a \in \mathbb{R}\), it follows that \(a \in A\). In every compact Hausdorff ccc topological space, the intersection of \(\aleph_1\)-many dense open sets is non-empty. [0.0.2] Remark: That is, compact families of open sets have open intersection, and compact families of closed sets have closed union. (b) Find an in nite collection of compact subsets fS n: n2Ngsuch that the union [nS n is not compact. Add texts here. Found inside – Page 109( 17'3 ] Compactness in Terms of Closed Sets A collection of subsets of a set is said to have the finite ... G. A space X is compact iff every collection of closed sets in X with the finite intersection property has a nonempty ... Moreover, \[V \subset G \cap D=\cup_{a \in V}\left[B\left(a ; \delta_{a}\right) \cap D\right] \subset V.\], Let us now prove the convers. Thank you for any help you can give me. Notice that \(K\) itself is not a closed subset of \(\mathbb{R}\). Now if $q_\alpha \in K$, let $r_\alpha = \frac{1}{2}d(p,q_\alpha)$ and we will denote the neighbourhood of radius $r_\alpha$ around $q_\alpha$ to be $B_{r_\alpha}(q_\alpha) = \{x \in X \mid d(q_\alpha,x) < r_\alpha\}$ and the neighbourhood of radius $r_\alpha$ around $p$ to be $B_{r_\alpha}(p) = \{x \in X \mid d(p,x) < r_\alpha\}$. the open set U = U1 I…I Un which contains x0 because it is the intersection of the corresponding open sets around x0. open. Therefore, by the triangle inequality we have, $$d(p,q_1) \leq d(p,x) + d(x,q_1) < r_1 + r_1 = d(p,q_1).$$, This however is a contradiction. Vmware Esxi - Old 32bit software performance issue on multi core. $$, If you understand it as an open cover for the subset $A\subset X$, then "open" means open in $X$ and "cover" should be understand as "contain": For example, suppose that $X=\Bbb R$ and $K=[0,3]$; the family $\{(-1,2),(1,4)\}$ is an open cover of $[0,3]$: it’s a family of open sets, and $[0,3]\subseteq(-1,2)\cup(1,4)=(-1,4)$. Then a_{n} \in A\) for all \(n\). With full size mattresses and built-in storage, our selections are perfect for defining large spaces, enhancing small apartments, and even adding extra functionality to downsized living. Oh okay... thank you for your answer! The ID.3 – pioneer of a new era . Found inside – Page 157A collection of sets has the finite intersection property if every finite subcollection has a nonempty intersection. Proposition 9.7.1. A set A ⊂ (X,T ) is compact in X if and only if A is a compact topological space with respect to ... Since \(a \leq a_{n} \leq b\) for all \(n\), then the sequence is bounded. Another interesting collection of closed sets are the perfect sets: Definition 5.2.9: Perfect Set : Prove that the interval \([0,1)\) is neither open nor closed. Found inside – Page 118Hence ( 0 , 1 ) is not a compact set in R. ( d ) Let { xn } be a sequence in a metric space ( X , d ) converging to a point ... Definition ( Finite Intersection Property ) : A family U of sets in a metric space X is said to have finite ... If V and W are in general position, then their intersection can be given Found inside – Page 20THEOREM 1.3.1: (Net Characterization of Compactness) Topological space X is compact iff every net in X has a ... X in compact set X has a converging subnet, use the finite intersection property of the family of closures of sets Am ... Found inside – Page 1039Now (K1, n... o Kai,) is a descending sequence of compact sets with (compact) intersection K so that {f(K1, n. ... n Kai.)} is a descending sequence of compact sets with (compact) intersection S containing f(K). If pe S, there is a q, ... Found inside – Page 129We remark that in a non-Hausdorff space, compact sets need not be closed (for example, every subset of a space with the trivial topology is compact), and the intersection of compact sets need not be compact; see Exercise 37. Prove that a subset \(A\) of \(\mathbb{R}\) is open if and only if for any \(x \in A\), there exists \(n \in \mathbb{N}\) such that \((x-1 / n, x+1 / n) \subset A\). A metric space is sequentially compact if and only if it has the nite intersection property for closed sets. Check out our new LibreCommons search portal, The open ball in \(\mathbb{R}\) with center \(a \in \mathbb{R}\) and radius \(\delta>0\) is the set, A subset \(A\) of \(\mathbb{R}\) is said to be open if for each \(a \in A\), there exists \(\delta>0\) such that, \[B(a ; \delta)=(a-\delta, a+\delta) \subset A.\], \[B(c ; \delta)=(c-\delta, c+\delta) \subset C.\]. 6. Why sets that aren't closed can't be compact? Intersection of paths: existence and Hausdorfi dimension 239 2. 1 This definition of compactness is more commonly reffered to as sequential compactness. Found inside – Page 26The next collection of results describes some properties that are special to compact sets . Given a subcollection ( Sp ) peb of a collection ( SQ ) ata , say that the subcollection has a nonempty intersection if nbebSp # % . The intersection of any non-empty collection of compact subsets of a Hausdorff space is compact (and closed); If X is not Hausdorff then the intersection of two compact subsets may fail to be compact (see footnote for example). I guess I am just confused by the definition given in the text (by Munkres) which says "A space X is said to be compact if every open covering A of X contains a finite subcollection that also covers X" which makes it sound like all the elements of the subcover has to be open subsets of X and if that's the case than it makes me think that by construction a compact space is open. Prove that if \(A\) and \(B\) are compact subsets of \(\mathbb{R}\), then \(A \cup B\) is a compact set. However, \(A\) is not compact. By clicking “Accept all cookies”, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. I'm not able to see what's wrong: Consider the interval Un = [2-1/n, 1+1/n] for n=1, 2 and 3. This is acontradiction. Why do sets in $\mathbb R$ need to be bounded AND closed to be compact? The intersection of closed sets is closed, since either every set is R and the intersection is R, or at least one set is countable and the intersection in countable, since any subset of a Found inside – Page 211A countable intersection of Borel sets is a Borel set, a finite intersection of compact sets is a compact set, and compact sets are inner regular by (d). (g) A countable intersection of Borel sets is a Borel set, a finite intersection ... I just want to mention that in fact the idea in @12F8031's answer could be applied to show a stronger result that a compact subset in a Hausdorff space is closed. A point \(a \in \mathbb{R}\) (not necessarily in \(A\)) is called a limit point of \(A\) if for any \(\delta>0\), the open ball \(B(a ; \delta)\) contains an infinite number of points of \(A\). d+1 d +1 open sets that are in the original cover. Mathematics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields. Proving compactness of intersection and union of two compact sets in Hausdorff space. 3. Question: Prove that the intersection of any collection of compact sets is compact. Their theory may be summarized in three fundamental propositions: 0. Let \(D\) be a subset of \(\mathbb{R}\) Suppose \(K\) is closed in \(D\). Prove that the intersection of any collection of compact subsets of \(\mathbb{R}\) is compact. (However it is apparently a deep result, and not true for arbitrary Banach spaces, although it is true for reflexive spaces with Frechet-differentiable norm.) :). for all z with kz − xk < r, we have z ∈ X Def. Then \(D \backslash K\) is open in \(D\). 3.2. 10.7 Theorem. By the definition of compactness, \(\left\{a_{n}\right\}\) has a subsequence \(\left\{a_{n_{k}}\right\}\) that converges to \(b \in A\). Bourbaki calls this merely quasicompact and requires Hausdorff for compactness. Let \(D\) be a subset of \(\mathbb{R}\). 2. (i) The union of a nite collection of closed sets is closed. By definition of a compact set it means that given an open cover we can find a finite subcover the covers the topological space. It is clear that the sequence \(\left\{a_{n}\right\}\) is in \(A\) and it is convergent to \(a\) (because \(\left|a_{n}-a\right|<\frac{1}{n}\), for all \(n \in \mathbb{N}\)). Consider the set \(D=[0,1)\) and the subset \(A=\left[\frac{1}{2}, 1\right)\). Let \(\left\{a_{n}\right\}\) be a sequence in \(A\) that converges to a point \(a \in \mathbb{R}\). We show that the set \(A=[a, b]\) is compact. Proof: Let $K$ be a compact subset of a metric space $X$ and to show that $K$ is closed we will show that its complement $K^c$ is open. Lefschetz extended the theory to arbitrary i and j in 1926[10]. Recall that a neighbourhood of a point need not be open. 4. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); A subset of sets from the collection C that still covers the set S is Therefore, \(S\) is closed. (Criterion below under 9.2) 5. A subset \(A\) of \(\mathbb{R}\) is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. We now must show that \(s \in A\). An arbitrary intersection of compact sets is compact. A consequence of these representation choices is that, for sets of small sizes (say up to 4), immutable sets are usually more compact and also more efficient than mutable sets. Assume by contradiction that \(m \notin A\). Found inside – Page 79The intersection of all the sets An is then the singleton { 0 } . On the other hand , if An is the ball { z e R3 : 1z1 < 1 + 1 / n } then n An is the closed unit ball B3 . 37 Theorem The intersection of a nested sequence of compact non ... By Theorem 2.6.7, there exists an open set \(G\) such that, \[K=D \backslash(D \backslash K)=D \backslash(D \cap G)=D \backslash G=D \cap G^{c}.\]. Why all subsets of compact sets are not compact? Subsets, Unions, and Images Any closed subset Y of a compact set S is compact. Indeed, \((-\infty, a]^{c}=(a, \infty)\) and \([a, \infty)^{c}=(-\infty, a)\) which are open by Example 2.6.1. By the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem (Theorem 2.4.1), we can obtain a convergent subsequence \(\left\{a_{n_{k}}\right\}\). intersection property if every finite subcollection has nonempty intersection. Extended real numbers 2 1.4. I think the word "open cover" is bothering me because if it is an open cover doesn't that mean it consists of open sets in the topology? Since. Found inside – Page 6The intersection of all the closed sets containing a set A is called the closure of A, written A. The union of all ... It may be shown that if A 1 ⊃ A 2 ⊃ ··· is a decreasing sequence of compact sets then the intersection ⋂ ∞i=1 Ai ... Deequivariantisation of indecomposable sheaves. {K_n} is a family of nested, compact, nonempty, connected sets. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Since \(A\) is bounded, the sequence is bounded and, by the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem (Theorem 2.4.1), it has a convergent subsequence, \(\left\{a_{n_{k}}\right\}\). Is every compact set is closed in any topological space? Two parts: Show the intersection of all K_n is nonempty and connected. \(\square\). In the topological space $(X,\tau)$, a subset $A\subset X$ is called compact, if $A$ with the subspace topology is a compact topological space. Compact sets need not be closed in a general topological space. A continuous image of a compact space is compact. Let \(A\) be a subset of \(\mathbb{R}\). Brace each post to keep it in position while the concrete sets. Then, \[\left|a_{n_{k}}\right| \geq n_{k} \geq k \quad \text { for all } k.\]. Then the space $X\setminus \{\omega\}$ is compact, but it is not closed. Found inside – Page 47To obtain an equality for images of intersections, we need to look at continuous functions and decreasing sequences of compact sets. Proposition 1.7.11. Let X and Y be topological spaces and let f : X → Y be continuous. $\{U_\alpha:U_\alpha\in\tau, \alpha\in I\}$ such that Proof: The two statements are equivalent, so we prove that unions of compact families of closed sets are closed. For this, we have to convert the list to set … Since \(1 \notin A\), it follows that \(A\) is not compact. There's a theorem that says any nested sequence of compact sets in Rn always has a non-empty intersection. The intersection of bounded sets is bounded. The sets \(A=(-\infty, c)\) and \(B=(c, \infty)\) are open, but the \(C=[c, \infty)\) is not open. Since \(\left(-1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\) is open in \(\mathbb{R}\), we conclude from Theorem 2.6.7 that \(V\) is open in \(D\). (b) The arbitrary union of compact sets is compact. Proof Say F ⊂ K ⊂ X where F is closed and K is compact. Found insideIs the union of an infinite collection of compact sets necessarily compact? 2. Prove that the intersection of any collection of compact sets is compact. 3. Prove that if C1 and C2 are compact sets in R, then C1×C2 is compact in R×R=R2. Found inside – Page 163F COMPACTNESS ; THE INTERSECTION OF COMPACT CONNECTED SETS ( a ) Let a be a family of closed compact sets such that N { A : A e Q } is a subset of an open set U. Then there is a finite subfamily F of a such that N { A : A & F } CU . sets whose intersection is empty, then the collection U of complements of sets in F is an open covering. Answer. This word suggests the more compact notation for an intersection that is typically used. This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert Ask an expert Ask an expert done loading. Hey Brian since I have your attention a little bit... can you also explain the notion of a compact subspace. A subset \(V\) of \(D\) is open if \(D\) if and only if there exists an open subset \(G\) of \(\mathbb{R}\) such that, Suppose \(V\) is open in \(D\). Here the problem is that the intersection sort of moves o to the edge which isn’t there (in X). Say, \(\lim _{k \rightarrow \infty} a_{n_{k}}=s\). Then A\B is closed as well. See Also dynamic row format, file format, redundant row format, row format. Definition 12.5. Of course, this is to be expected, because compact sets are intuitively understood as those sets that, in some mysterious sense, behave as finite sets. The subject considered above, called point set topology, was studied extensively in the. Thus compact sets need not, in general, be closed or bounded with these definitions. A rough heuristic is that compact sets have many properties in common with nite sets. Another, rather peculiar example of a closed, compact, and perfect set is the Cantor We can write \(V=D \cap\left(-1, \frac{1}{2}\right)\). In Example 3 above we have an example in which the collection M of open sets has the finite intersection property but M itself has an empty intersection. (a) In a locally compact Hausdorff space, the intersection of an open set with a closed set is locally compact. (a) The arbitrary intersection of compact sets is compact. Found inside – Page 2164 that, for the special metric space R; a subset is compact precisely when it is closed and bounded. ... A family of sets is said to have the finite intersection property if each finite subfamily has nonempty intersection. Carath´eodory measurability 14 2.4. Compact set on $\mathbb{R}$ with this topology generated from the basis set $B=\{(–a,a)\ s.t.\ a \in \mathbb{R}\}$. \(\square\). The set \([0,1)\) has no isolated points. We conclude that \(K\) is closed in \(D\). (a) Proof. 4. Since \(a \leq a_{n_{k}} \leq b\) for all \(k\), it follows from Theorem 2.1.5, that \(a \leq s \leq b\) and, hence, \(s \in A\) as desired. We say that a subset \(A\) of \(D\) is closed in \(D\) if \(D \backslash A\) is open in \(D\). 5.13 Locally quasi-compact spaces. Why are subsets of compact sets not compact? It follows from part (c) and Example 2.6.2 that any finite set is closed. Thus, a space X is compact if and only if every collection of closed sets with an empty intersection has a finite subcollection whose intersection is also empty. Assume by contradiction that \(C\) is open. How to make image full width in center of page IEEEtran?

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