american civil war timeline

General Sherman's army occupies the city and its defenses the following day.

General Hood sends his army out of the city's defenses to attack the approaching Federal troops under George Thomas. Likewise, the Hunley was also lost and never heard from again until discovered in 1995 at the spot where it sank after the attack. - Ulysses S. Grant is appointed lieutenant general, a rank revived at the request of President Lincoln. Lexington, Missouri falls to Confederate forces under Sterling Price.

- First Battle of Winchester, Virginia. This begins the first Union efforts to close southern ports along the Carolina coast. June 10, 1864- Battle of Brice's Crossroads, Mississippi- In spite of being outnumbered almost two to one, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest attacks and routs the Union command under General Samuel Sturgis. A Union fleet under Admiral David Farragut steamed into Mobile Bay outside the city of Mobile, Alabama, defended by two strong forts and a small southern flotilla, including the formidable ironclad. Grant assumes command of all Union Armies in the field the following day.
August 21, 1863- Sacking of Lawrence, Kansas. July 21, 1864- The Battle of Atlanta. Their speeches were circulated beyond the state and serve as a nuanced discussion of the problem of slavery and its future.

The nation’s first conscription act is passed by Congress. Working-class and mostly Irish men in New York, already frustrated with a severe fall in wages, refuse to be drafted to fight and three days of violent protest break out, particularly targeting black citizens and Republican newspapers. Union forces cross the Potomac River and occupy Arlington Heights, the home of future Confederate General Robert E. Lee. March 3, 1863- Conscription, or the drafting of soldiers into military service, begins in the North. One-by-one, southern states would secede from the Union prompting the North to finally declare war. Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as President of the Confederate States of America. - Capture of Fort Pillow, Tennessee. After a great deal of political wrangling, the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery is ratified. Laws against conspiracy are tightened and habeas corpus suspended in order to stop Confederate desertions; Jefferson Davis even makes a desperate bid to arm the slaves which is rejected by his Congress.
February 8-9, 1861 - The southern states that seceded create a government at Montgomery, Alabama, and the Confederate States of America are formed. Union forces under William T. Sherman enter the city of Meridian, Mississippi after a successful month of campaigning through the central part of the state. Immediately after Abraham Lincoln is elected President, South Carolina calls a state convention to remove itself from the United States of America.

January: The South Secedes.

The assassination of U.S. Pres. Union forces break the Confederate siege of the city in successive attacks. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. After two days of maneuvering and intense fighting, Johnston withdraws. The Proclamation only applied to the Confederacy, not the slave states still in the Union or the areas under Union Army authority; emancipation would not be granted until 1865. In Illinois, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas and Republican Abraham Lincoln engage in a seven debates during the Senate election campaign. This event is often seen as the last notable flashpoint of sectional tension before the outbreak of the Civil War. - Escape from Libby Prison, Richmond. Lee successfully outmaneuvers Meade though fails to bring him to battle or catch him in the open. Among those garrisoning the fort were African American troops, many of whom were murdered by Forrest's angered troopers after they had surrendered. In the west, a Union army has begun a campaign to surround and take Vicksburg, Mississippi, the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.

Leading the Union infantry charge is the 54. May 11, 1864- Battle of Yellow Tavern. With three Union armies under his command, General William T. Sherman marched south from Tennessee into Georgia against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under General Joseph Johnston, the objective being the city of Atlanta. Rhode Island becomes the first of the original Thirteen Colonies to introduce anti-slavery laws that would accentuate the divide between Northern and Southern states. July 13, 1863- Draft Riots begin in New York City and elsewhere as disgruntled workers and laborers, seething over the draft system that seemingly favors the rich, attack the draft office and African American churches. The final southern counterattack against Union troops outside the city of Atlanta fails. Farragut's ships defeated the Confederate ships and bypassed the forts, capturing the important southern port. President Lincoln observes the skirmishing from Fort Stevens as reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac arrive and quickly fill in the works. It is a Confederate victory. - General Sherman's Army of Georgia begins the "March to the Sea".

June 3, 1861- A skirmish near Philippi in western Virginia, is the first clash of Union and Confederate forces in the east. April 2, 1865- The Fall of Petersburg and Richmond. Approximately 150 men and boys are murdered by Quantrill's men. - Battle of Peachtree Creek, Georgia, the first major battle around the city of Atlanta.

- Assault and capture of Fort Fisher, North Carolina. Battle of Memphis, Tennessee. A portion of Lee's Army- almost one-third of it- is cornered along the banks of Sailor's (or "Saylor's") Creek and annihilated. August 31- September 1, 1864- Battle of Jonesborough, Georgia. - First Successful Submarine Attack of the Civil War. May 12, 1865- The final battle of the Civil War takes place at Palmito Ranch, Texas. The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act overturns the Missouri Compromise by ceding rights to individual states to decide whether to be free or slave-holding through the process of Popular Sovereignty.

Timeline of the American Civil War. The Union Army of the Cumberland under General William Rosecrans is defeated and nearly routed by the Confederate Army of Tennessee commanded by General Braxton Bragg.

August 10, 1861- Battle of Wilson's Creek, Missouri.The Union Army under General Nathaniel Lyon, attack Confederate troops and state militia southwest of Springfield, Missouri, and after a disastrous day that included the death of Lyon, are thrown back. In a murderous daylight raid, Confederate and Missouri guerillas under William Clarke Quantrill storm into Lawrence and destroy most of the town. In the wake of the Emancipation Proclamation, tensions rise amongst the urban poor in the North as they fear competition for work when the newly freed slaves migrate.

In the western theater of the war, General Ulysses S. Grant lays siege to the Confederate stronghold of. In an early morning surprise attack, Jubal Early's Confederates successfully attack and drive troops of the Army of the Shenandoah from their camps on the banks of Cedar Creek south of Middletown, Virginia.

The Union Army of the Shenandoah under General Philip Sheridan attacked Jubal Early's Confederates near Fisher's Hill, overpowering the southerners and again forcing them to flee the battlefield. A Union flotilla under Commodore Charles Davis successfully defeats a Confederate river force on the Mississippi River near the city and Memphis surrenders. November 6, 1860- Abraham Lincoln is elected sixteenth president of the United States, the first Republican president in the nation who represents a party that opposes the spread of slavery in the territories of the United States. Meanwhile, the Union assault on Vicksburg, Mississippi has become a siege of the city where soldiers and civilians alike suffer from constant bombardment.

The Mississippi River is now in Union control except for its course west of Mississippi where the city of Vicksburg stands as the last southern stronghold on the great river. Likewise, the result of this battle is a Union defeat. December 31-January 3, 1863- Battle of Stones River, Tennessee. At Savannah, his troops will take Fort McAllister and force Confederate defenders to evacuate the city.

Military successes strengthen Lincoln’s election campaign against the dovish Democrat General George McClellan. Missouri is admitted to the Union as a slave state but in the future, states north of Missouri and the 36°30′ latitude line would be admitted only if they were free (except for California, which was admitted to the Union in 1850 as a free state despite the parallel divide).

A massive frontal assault on the well entrenched Federal line meets with disaster. April 1, 1865- The Battle of Five Forks, Virginia. An advocate for anti-slavery and women’s rights, Harriet Tubman and her brothers escape from slavery. February 17, 1864- First Successful Submarine Attack of the Civil War. The Civil War begins. Attack on the Defenses of Washington.

May 25, 1862- First Battle of Winchester, Virginia. - Dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg.

Despite several attempts to disrupt the Union advance in the coming weeks, the battle for control of the Shenandoah Valley is over. Thomas Jefferson draws up the Declaration of Independence to assert the sovereign rights of the American colonists. The Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac in Washington, DC, The Grand Review of General Sherman's Army in Washington, DC. In a feint toward Washington, Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia marches into northern Virginia in an attempt to flank the Army of the Potomac, under General Meade. The victory is the culmination of his 1862 Valley Campaign.

Union troops retreat in the direction of Nashville. After weeks of digging, 109 Union officers made their escape from the notorious Libby Prison, the largest and most sensational escape of the war.

13 June. Jefferson Davis is appointed the first President of the Confederate States of America at Montgomery, Alabama, a position he will hold until elections can be arranged. U.S. Marines, under the command of future Confederate General Robert E. Lee, suppress the insurrectionists.

Lincoln calls on the Northern states to supply a 75,000 strong militia that would serve for three months, enough time, he believes, to restore the Union. Battle of Ball's Bluff, Virginia. Colonel Edward D. Baker, senator from Oregon and a friend of President Lincoln, led troops across the Potomac River only to be forced back to the river's edge where he was killed. May 4, 1865- General Richard Taylor surrenders Confederate forces in the Department of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana.

Within two days the forts fall into Union hands and the mouth of the great river is under Union control.

The capture of this important southern town, well known for its industry and storage capabilities, severely hampers the efforts of Confederate commanders to sustain their armies in the deep south, Georgia and west of the Mississippi River.

British public opinion is divided over the Civil War, but economic ties with America are strong and the British are keen to regain an influence in the New World. March 4, 1861- Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as the sixteenth president of the United States in Washington, DC. December 20, 1860- South Carolina secedes from the Union. The internal trade grows as Northern owners sell their slaves, creating what historians have labelled a ‘Second Middle Passage’ within America.

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