eugenics movement, and race

But what if we cross a white with one of the new greys? racial, the product of the importation of a different pattern of genes. Dividing his time between digging the small field which was attached to the cottage, to grow more food for the war stricken country, and milking his cattle and feeding his pigs, his synthesis steadily took shape. 2nd Meeting: "Social Hygiene, Eugenics and Heredity in Central Europe, 1900-1940." These genes are associated in pairs, each corresponding pair governing or containing in it the seeds which control a specific variety of characteristics. which between them broadly cover the field of eugenics and race, and help to show how these twin studies are both facets of the same subject: heredity. In the lower forms of life, this has often meant a rigid adaptation to given environmental conditions, and the consequent elimination of the entire species should a geographical or climatic change modify the environment too violently to permit the continued existence of this highly specialised form of life.
It is in the development of the frontal lobes that modern man differs so much from the early sub-human types, and from apes. This would be a crime so totally tragic that no event in the history of mankind, of evolution, or even of the entire solar system could compare in merciless cruelty. These were Charles Darwin, who revealed the essential principle of evolution; Abbé Mendel, who illustrated the mechanism of genetic heredity; Francis Dalton, a cousin of Darwin, who founded the study of eugenics; Count Gobineau, who focussed attention on the study of human races or sub-species. Ever since man became more mobile, this retrogressive tendency towards the mixing of the sub-species has progressed with increasing rapidity, until we have the complex and generally blurred pattern which we know today. Instead on higher levels competition was a matter of group rivalry and that co-operation between individuals of the same group contributed to evolutionary progress in so far as it increased the solidarity and efficiency of the group and thereby improved the chances of group survival in the ceaseless struggle against rival groups and the challenge of environment. But the pattern is still there today and provides an absorbing, delightful and instructive study for those who are able to see the past in the present, to discern the continuous thread of time which runs from the past to the present and from the present into the future, and to trace the effect of biological inherited capacities on the history of man. The first of these is an absolute change in the hereditary equipment of the individual as a result of radiation and other external forces, and this is called ‘mutation’. Eugenics is a social movement based on the belief that the genetic quality of the human race can be improved by the use of selective breeding, as well as other often morally criticized means to eliminate groups of people considered genetically inferior, while encouraging the growth of groups judged to be genetically superior. Both were in any case, closely related when seen from the more distant perspective of human evolution and world anthropology. Inbreeding amongst unhealthy stock, on the other hand, ensures that the unhealthy stock will without exception produce an unhealthy brood, which Nature can usually eliminate within the course of one or two generations only; while inbreeding amongst healthy stock preserves the healthy collection of genes free from infection. II MENDELIAN HEREDITY instead, to the welfare and well-being of the untold generations which are yet to come in the future. themselves. The development of modern evolutionist philosophy owes much to the pre-eminent English anthropologist Sir Arthur Keith, who turned in his later years to making a synthesis of the observations and reflections which he had accumulated over a lifetime of research. Homo Sapiens, without a doubt, at last – with a high brain capacity of 1500 cubic centimetres or so (larger than that of modern man), with well developed frontal lobes2 to the brain, and without the protruding jaws and the sloping, ape-like face which marred the appearance of Neanderthal man. Matters of genetics are absolute and final, and damage once done, can only too rarely, owing to the nature of things, be undone. Yet this new science hinged, so far as public opinion was concerned, on the theory of evolution, and while that theory remained.

Both had high foreheads, large brains, with well developed convolutions and frontal lobes, and both have clean-cut, intelligent features. 1st Meeting: "Racial Hygiene and Eugenics in Southeast Europe, 1900-1940." Under such circumstances, of course, those of the subhuman groups which failed to adapt themselves to their environment, or to progress sufficiently to enable them to compete successfully against the rivalry of other groups, were annihilated, (and often eaten) by the more advanced groups. Today mankind, in a welter of sickly sentiment, seeks to destroy the biological and evolutionary structure on which the whole edifice of human progress is raised, thus to discard the work of thousands of generations of evolutionary specialisation and shaping.
The genes cannot be changed in character by cross marriage, and the possibility that a gene might be eliminated at the time of selection, although real when we are dealing with individual specimens, is remote when we deal with a number of specimens, since the law of averages will then apply. Second Edition [Revised] 1966. Environmental conditions in a natural state help to influence and shape the biological heritage, but in the artificial semi-civilised existence which mankind has led for the past two or three thousand years, these natural forces have been thwarted, and the future of the human race has been given up to mere chance. Biological accidents do occur, and these may result in the defects which eugenics seeks to remove from the mainstream (not necessarily by inhumane means), but differences in emotive, intellectual and physical constitution, where not acquired, are largely racial, the product of the importation of a different pattern of genes.

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