german ship essen

On 12 December, she was decommissioned and disarmed, after eleven years of service with the fleet. J. P. Jorgenssen; noted in directory of 1878), Essen (steamer; Capt. ; built Cleveland OH, 1892; 334 tons; ON 136285; enrollment certificates), Essen (St.doubleS. J. Bruhn; noted in directory of 1898), Essen (steamer; Capt. J. Bruhn; noted in directory of 1895), Essen (steamer; Capt. Hessen visited Caramiñal, Vilagarcía, and Ferrol, Spain, during the trip.

(0 free), 3 With the passage of the Second Naval Law under the direction of Vizeadmiral (VAdm—Vice Admiral) Alfred von Tirpitz in 1900, funding was allocated for a new class of battleships, to succeed the Wittelsbach-class ships authorized under the 1898 Naval Law. [46], A major fleet training cruise to the Mediterranean Sea took place in 1930, lasting from 3 April to 16 June. She displaced 13,208 t (12,999 long tons) as designed and 14,394 t (14,167 long tons) at Full load. [20], Hessen took part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916. [20], II Squadron joined the rest of the High Seas Fleet for offensive operations against Britain. [11] Maneuvers in the North Sea followed in early 1907, which included a cruise to Skagen and mock attacks on the main naval base at Kiel. Skirmishes between the rival destroyer screens convinced the German commander, Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl, that he was confronted with the entire Grand Fleet, and so he broke off the engagement and turned for home. During the fleet maneuvers held every autumn in late August and September, the fleet conducted landing operations at Eckernförde. [7][40] She received her old gun armament back, with the exception her tertiary battery; she received only four of the 8.8 cm guns, with another four in high-angle anti-aircraft mounts. Hessen performed this duty from 10 to 20 April, when she was replaced by Preussen. The new navy was permitted to retain eight pre-dreadnought battleships under Article 181—two of which would be in reserve—for coastal defense. [41] The Australian Army captured one of the guns on 8 August 1918; it is preserved as the Amiens Gun at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, Australia. While on the way back to Germany, the High Seas Fleet was received by the British Royal Navy at Spithead.

[27], Scheer decided to reverse the course of the fleet with the Gefechtskehrtwendung, a maneuver that required every unit in the German line to turn 180° simultaneously. [16] During fleet exercises on 23 August 1911, Hessen accidentally rammed and sank the Danish steamer SS Askesund. After being refitted, rearmed, and slightly modernized, Hessen returned to service with the Reichsmarine on 5 January 1925. J. Bruhn; noted in directory of 1894), Essen (steamer; Capt. Hessen and the five ships of the Deutschland class formed II Battle Squadron, under the command of Konteradmiral (KAdm—Rear Admiral) Franz Mauve. Trials lasted until 4 March 1906, at which point Hessen joined her unit, bringing the squadron to its prescribed strength of eight battleships.

[23] Hessen relieved Preussen in the straits on 4 May, remaining there until the 20th. [7][40] The ship's four 28 cm guns were re-mounted as railroad guns and employed on the Western Front. From 6 to 23 December, she went to Wilhelmshaven for maintenance, which was followed by squadron training in the Baltic from 25 December to 20 January 1916. Hessen and the rest of the fleet received British and American naval squadrons in Kiel in June and July. While in reserve at Brunsbüttel, Hessen was jokingly referred to as SMS "Kleinste Fahrt" (SMS "Shortest Voyage") because of a warning that had been painted on the ship's hull. [9], Hessen's keel was laid down on 15 January 1902, at the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel under yard number 100.

She was laid down in 1902, was launched in September 1903, and was commissioned into the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in September 1905. Her reciprocating machinery was replaced with steam turbines. [12] Hessen was the II Squadron winner of the Kaiser's Schießpreis (Shooting Prize) for excellent shooting; at the time, her gunnery officer was then-Kapitänleutnant (Captain Lieutenant) Adolf von Trotha. SMS Hessen[a] was the third of five pre-dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class. [8] Hessen was protected with Krupp armor. She immediately went to the Reiherstiegwerft in Hamburg for more repair work, which lasted from 22 January to 15 March. [26] The German fleet was severely hampered by the presence of the slower Deutschland-class ships; ordering an immediate turn towards Germany would have sacrificed the slower ships. His tenure as fleet commander was marked with strategic experimentation, owing to the increased threat posed by the latest underwater weapons like submarines and naval mines, and to the fact that the new Nassau-class battleships were too wide to pass through the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. The Design Department of the Reichsmarineamt (Imperial Navy Office) adopted these guns for the new battleships, along with an increase from 15 cm (5.9 in) to 17 cm (6.7 in) for the secondary battery, owing to the increased threat from torpedo boats as torpedoes became more effective. Named after the state of Hesse, the ship was armed with a battery of four 28 cm (11 in) gunsand had a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). Her secondary armament consisted of fourteen 17 cm (6.7 inch) SK L/40 guns and eighteen 8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/35 quick-firing guns.

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[7][45] After spending the first half of the year conducting sea trials and individual training, Hessen joined the fleet for a voyage to Norway in June, reminiscent of the old peacetime summer cruises of the Imperial fleet. J. P. Jorgensen; noted in directory of 1880), Essen (steamer; Capt. [20] This time, the battlecruisers bombarded Yarmouth and Lowestoft. Like all other pre-dreadnoughts built at the turn of the century, Hessen was quickly made obsolete by the launching of th… Prince Heinrich, the commander of the High Seas Fleet, had pressed for such a cruise the previous year, arguing that it would prepare the fleet for overseas operations and break up the monotony of training in German waters, though tensions with Britain over the developing Anglo-German naval arms race were high. At 03:07, Hessen narrowly avoided a torpedo, but directly ahead, Pommern was struck by at least one at 03:10. The year was spent conducting squadron and fleet training exercises, including a summer cruise in July and August to Norwegian waters. [14] Late in the year, Admiral Henning von Holtzendorff became the commander of the High Seas Fleet. During the cruise, Hessen visited the Canary Islands and Cape Verde in the central Atlantic. [17] In July 1913, Hessen collided with the torpedo boat G110. [13] The next year—1909—followed much the same pattern as in 1908. After returning, Hessen went to Swinemünde in early August, where Czar Nicholas II of Russia met the German fleet in his yacht Standart. [20] The first of these was the raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on 15 December. The autumn maneuvers followed from 27 August to 12 September. [31] In the darkness, only muzzle flashes from the British ships could be seen; as a result Hessen and the other II Squadron ships held their fire. She returned to the rest of the squadron at Altenbruch on 23 May to begin preparing for the next major fleet operation. Afterward, the fleet assembled for the maneuvers that were held every August and September. Rearmed, she served with the fleet in the 1920s and early 1930s, though she was withdrawn from front-line service in 1934.

Another cruise to Spain took place from 18 April to 9 May 1929, with VAdm Iwan Oldekop flying his flag aboard Schleswig-Holstein. During the tour, Hessen stopped in numerous ports, including Vigo, Alicante and Cadiz in Spain, Palermo and Syracuse in Sicily, and Venice, Italy. [7][47], In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" (, The German official history states that II Squadron fired 23, raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMS_Hessen&oldid=982893179, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 00:55. At some point in 1931, Hessen had two of her 17 cm guns and all four of the low-angle 8.8 cm guns removed. Hessen was one of the few obsolete battleships Germany was permitted to retain under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. The ship was ceded to the Soviet Union in 1946 after the war, renamed Tsel, and served until she was scrapped in 1960. In the autumn maneuvers that followed, the fleet conducted exercises in the North Sea and then joint maneuvers with the IX Army Corps around Apenrade. Starting in December, Hessen was employed as a target ship in the Baltic; this was to be her last active service during the war. Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm Laid down: Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven, 1890 Launched: 30.06.1891 Commissioned: 29.04.1894 Fate: sold to Turkey in 1910, sunk 08.08.1915 by British Submarine E11 The fleet departed Kiel on 17 July, passed through the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal to the North Sea, and continued on to the Atlantic. In July, Hessen and the rest of the fleet sailed into the Atlantic Ocean to conduct a major training cruise.

Essen (merchant ship) Subscribe to view Essen (Netherlands; 1667) Subscribe to view Essen (of Germany, J. Bruhn, Master, 1,861 tons, from the port of Hamburg to Sydney, New South Wales, 28th February 1897) Subscribe to view books 13 During the cruise, Hessen stopped at Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands.

J. Brahn; noted in directory of 1896), Essen (steamer; Capt. She served in this capacity through World War II, also working as an icebreaker in the Baltic and North Seas.

Dreadnought's revolutionary design rendered every capital ship of the German navy obsolete, including Hessen and her sister ships. The annual summer cruise for 1913 returned to Norwegian waters, as did the cruise the following year. Her armament was removed, the hull was lengthened, and new machinery was installed.

journals Essen was the target for 442 aircraft – 157 Lancasters, 131 Wellingtons, 94 Halifaxes, 52 Stirlings, 8 Mosquitos – in the first raid of the ‘Battle of the Ruhr’. Her crew consisted of 35 officers and 708 enlisted men. She performed a variety of roles in the first two years, serving as a guard ship at the mouth of the Elbe, patrolling the Danish straits, and supporting attacks on the British coast, including the raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby in December 1914 and the Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft in April 1916. The longer hull allowed room for two additional watertight compartments, which brought the number up to 15 from the original 13. [7][47], Hessen served in this capacity through World War II. The squadron returned to the North Sea on 17 November, having completed the training exercises.

The British battleship HMS Dreadnought—armed with ten 30.5 cm (12 in) guns—was commissioned in December 1906,[3] just over a year after Hessen entered service. [24] During the "Run to the North", Scheer ordered the fleet to pursue the British V Battle Squadron at top speed.

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