the jukes family study

)Tj Q (Investigations into the records began after a poorhouse graveyard the si\ ze of a football field was )Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm 0 -2.467 TD (The family's real names were kept hidden, but Estabrook said he had conf\ irmed Dugdale's study )Tj

/Artifact <>BDC 0 -1.2 TD 0 -1.2 TD 0000001083 00000 n 0 -1.2 TD 0000015155 00000 n T* (Posted February 8, 2003)Tj One of the goals of 19th-century American scientists was to determine why some people engaged in undesirable or antisocial behavior. (The Jukes story started in July 1874, when Richard L. Dugdale, a )Tj

/Artifact <>BDC Jukes’ descendants included: 7 murderers, 60 thieves, 190 prostitutes, 150 other convicts, 310 paupers, and 440 who were physically wrecked by addiction to alcohol. /Artifact <>BDC )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -1.2 TD It turns out that )Tj W* n 15 0 0 15 10 707.0046 Tm 0 -2.467 TD (colonial frontiersman named Max, whom he described as having been born b\ etween 1720 and )Tj (that they were doing wrong, but they did it anyway, because they were ca\ ught up in the )Tj 0 18 612 756 re T*

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T* 16.875 0 0 16.875 344.17 685.9092 Tm 0 18 612 756 re Of the 1,200 descendants that were studied, 300 died prematurely. (Garland E. Allen III, a professor of biology at Washington University in\ St. Louis, said that the )Tj (of the Center for Biomedical Ethics at the University of Virginia.
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He estimated that their care had cost the\ taxpayers, through relief, )Tj BT

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(who had married one of Max's sons. (Ulster County. 0000001730 00000 n (1,258 Jukeses were still alive and reproducing \227 at a cost to the pub\ lic of at least $2 million )Tj 0000000016 00000 n 0 -2.467 TD )Tj

(Professor Carlson contended in his book "The Unfit: A History of a Bad I\ dea" \(Cold Spring )Tj T* He learned that six )Tj

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(file:////Www-people/www-docs/people/ricej/deviance/The Jukes & Eugenics.\ htm\r \(5 of 5\)1/4/2008 12:01:29 PM)Tj W* n (lead to calls for compulsory sterilization, segregation, lobotomies and \ even euthanasia against the )Tj

0000000377 00000 n (Photograps )Tj (earlier," Professor Allen said in an interview. 0 0 0 rg (notions," he said. /TT0 1 Tf study. /Artifact <>BDC 0000020637 00000 n (On Reflection, a Family Long Seen as Congenital Misfits Were Victims of \ Skewed Data)Tj 0 -1.2 TD The study of the Jukes was later extended by Estabrook, but this extension apparently has not influenced any of the stories. 0 -1.2 TD Most users should sign in with their email address. (file:////Www-people/www-docs/people/ricej/deviance/The Jukes & Eugenics.\ htm\r \(2 of 5\)1/4/2008 12:01:29 PM)Tj 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm

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(1740, a descendant of early Dutch settlers, who lived in the backwoods a\ s a "hunter and fisher, a )Tj EMC 0000011679 00000 n 0 -1.203 TD 0000001107 00000 n ET (hard drinker, jolly and companionable, averse to steady toil."

(discovered in 2001 beneath a new fairground and swimming pool in New Pal\ tz, which is in )Tj 0000000004 65535 f (file:////Www-people/www-docs/people/ricej/deviance/The Jukes & Eugenics.\ htm\r \(3 of 5\)1/4/2008 12:01:29 PM)Tj )Tj 0 -2.467 TD

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( \ )Tj T* (time, the Eugenics Record Office pronounced the latter-day Jukeses to be\ as "unredeemed" and )Tj /Artifact <>BDC T*

ET (Nowadays, many biologists and historians are more critical of Estabrook'\ s work than they are of )Tj "The )Tj endstream endobj 28 0 obj<>stream T* )Tj T* Some of the 2,300 unmarked graves from the poorhouse turn\ ed out to belong to )Tj 0 0 0 rg T* (started in 1880's and achieved the status of a craze in the early 20th c\ entury. (Presenting detailed genealogical charts with capsule descriptions of eac\ h member, whom he )Tj )Tj q /Article <>BDC 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm In 1874, sociologist Richard L. Dugdale, a member of the executive committee of the Prison Association of New York, and a colleague of Harris' was delegated to visit jails in upstate New York. 0 -1.2 TD Q uuid:d034f016-17e9-4fbb-9964-f1e81541aa68 W* n /T1_0 1 Tf
(from The )Tj -19.803 -1.457 Td BT 22.5 0 0 22.5 126 746.4319 Tm

Social science researchers long believed\ they were a case study )Tj T* T* EMC T* /T1_0 1 Tf (Investigations into the records began after a poorhouse graveyard the si\ ze of a football field was )Tj 2008-01-04T12:01:29-05:00 0000020721 00000 n EMC

29 10.8 Td A reading of Dugdale's original book reveals that he was an environmentalist in his interpretation of the Jukes, both in the causes of their social failures and the remedies for improving their social opportunities.

0 -9 TD 0 0 0 rg 0 -1.2 TD EMC 0000001012 00000 n (Posted February 8, 2003)Tj (families. 0 -2.467 TD On investigation he found that, of 29 male "immediate blood relations", 17 had been arrested, and 15 convicted of crimes. The Jukes family originally was studied by sociologist Richard L. Dugdale in 1877. )Tj (as plagued by "feeblemindedness, indolence, licentiousness and dishonest\ y" as they had ever )Tj (identified only by first name or code, Dugdale concluded that the family\ was chronically beset )Tj )Tj (colonial frontiersman named Max, whom he described as having been born b\ etween 1720 and )Tj T* 0 -2.467 TD 0 -2.467 TD /TT0 1 Tf

)Tj A follow-up to Dugdale's work was published by Arthur H. Estabrook of the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York in 1916 as The Jukes in 1915. "Estabrook and others li\ ke him knew at the time )Tj 0 -2.467 TD T*

0 -2.467 TD )Tj BT ET (with all kinds of social ills. ("It's not that we're looking back and judging people according to criter\ ia of today that didn't apply )Tj ( )Tj (prominent members of Ulster County society. Jukes Family Pseudonym for the family involved in a psychological study of antisocial behavior. 0000020680 00000 n 0 i

(gentleman-sociologist, visited the Ulster County jail as a volunteer )Tj EMC T* Dugdale created the pseudonym "Jukes" as a label for a clan "so despised by the reputable community that their family name had come to be used generically as a term of reproach." 0 -2.467 TD (mystery, their names hidden by a code devised by the original investigat\ ors. ")Tj Search for other works by this author on: You do not currently have access to this article. (of New York," but he didn't identify the governor, citing a need for con\ fidentiality. (the surnames used in Dugdale's and Estabrook's studies. T*

For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. T*

(Clearwater, Bank and Bush. The family's real names were kept hidden, but Estabrook said he had confirmed Dugdale's study and used the records to trace 2,111 Jukeses in addition to the 709 that Dugdale had described, bringing the total number of people studied to 2,820. Elof Axel Carlson, R. L. Dugdale and the Jukes Family: A Historical Injustice Corrected, BioScience, Volume 30, Issue 8, August 1980, Pages 535–539, https://doi.org/10.2307/1307974. The author is Distinguished Teaching Professor of Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794. ET A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity ; Also Further Studies of Criminals. T* (Papers, )Tj T* Q )Tj (acknowledged in his book that the Jukeses were not a single clan, but ra\ ther a composite of 42 )Tj )Tj "'The Jukes' is a pseudonym used to protect from aspersion worthy members of the family therein studied, and for convenience of treatment, to reduce the forty-two family names included in the lineage to one generic application.

endstream endobj 53 0 obj<> endobj 54 0 obj<>/Type/XObject/BBox[4.73831 357.774 436.416 540.715]/FormType 1>>stream Scarcely one of them can be said to die of one disease, for almost every organ of the body is more or less diseased ; and the wonder to me is that life could have been supported in such a diseased frame. EMC /TT1 1 Tf ET EMC

T* EMC 0000020283 00000 n ET (from The )Tj T* "The Jukes" and "The Juke\ s in 1915" joined a )Tj /Artifact <>BDC <<724BC4627E76844C8F21B1D029CD4A6A>]>> The Jukes, and the Kalikaks from Henry Goddards The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness(1912), were often cited in support of eugenic practice as family studies which demonstrated the heritability of undesirable traits. /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm

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