wood stork population

When the natural hydrologic cycle is upset by human-controlled water-management activities, Wood Storks fail to feed and nest successfully because a breeding pair of Wood Storks will not attempt to nest if sufficient food is not available. �2xDP

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Clearly, the southern Everglades ecosystem has been incapable of supporting viable populations of Wood Storks and other wading birds for several decades. ; data on file Natl. 0000003235 00000 n Its bill snaps shut with a 25-millisecond reflex action -- the fastest known for vertebrates -- whenever it touches prey. 133 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 135 /H [ 888 228 ] /L 1090843 /E 70211 /N 19 /T 1088064 >> endobj xref 133 24 0000000016 00000 n

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H�c```g``.b`a`p=� Ȁ 6+s\ �j�NG�.�:�z���G1��gw5�� �b1���@�@�3,�u00�������s�� Homestead, FL 0000009145 00000 n 368-386 THE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN FLORIDA WOOD STORK POPULATION JAMES A. KUSHLAN AND PAULA C. FROHRING’ AswnAcr.-The largest segment of the North American Wood Stork (Mycteria ameri- cam) population traditionally nested in southern Florida, where its perceived decrease over the last 50 years resulted in its addition to the Federal endangered …

0000007953 00000 n The most distinguishing feature of a mature wood stork is its long and sizeable black beak, which tapers to a down-curved point.

0000001094 00000 n The international IUCN considers the Wood Stork's population threats to be of Least Concern.

The Everglades of the 1930s, largely undrained and without complex water-control structures, supported a nesting of population of 5,000 to 15,000 pairs of Wood Storks. Low water levels can also increase nest predation from terrestrial predators such as … Often the water is muddy and full of plants, conditions that obscure prey from sight. WOOD STORK BREEDING POPULATIONS 753 METHODS One or more aerial censuses were made during each stork breeding season over all of peninsular Florida from 1958 through 1960 (A. Sprunt, IV, pers. The stork sweeps its submerged bill from side to side as it walks slowly forward. comm. 0000004793 00000 n 0000009368 00000 n Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listed the US breeding population of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) as endangered in 1984.The USFWS is currently considering reclassifying the wood stork to threatened. 1990). endstream endobj 91 0 obj 109 endobj 70 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 498 721 ] /Parent 65 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 71 0 R >> /XObject << /im1 89 0 R >> /ProcSet 87 0 R >> /Contents [ 73 0 R 75 0 R 77 0 R 79 0 R 81 0 R 83 0 R 85 0 R 88 0 R ] /CropBox [ 0 0 498 721 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 71 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F0 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 72 0 obj 1244 endobj 73 0 obj << /Filter /LZWDecode /Length 72 0 R >> stream Fish & Wildlife Service 1996). ���%. A Wood Stork is easy to identify by its black, bald head. In the United States, however, loss and degradation of habitat cause its status to be considered Threatened. Each breeding pair of these large birds requires about 440 pounds (200 kg) of fish per breeding season. In the marsh habitat of the Wood Stork, the effectiveness of this feeding technique increases as fish are concentrated in pools by seasonal water-level declines that result from the prolonged winter dry periods. 0000007931 00000 n Hydrologic conditions resulting from water-management activities in recent years often have been unfavorable to support Wood Stork feeding and nesting requirements. 0000001401 00000 n �D Ѡ�p.��X�n2�P�a���M�� AD"�*"0�Jb���f. The drainage of cypress stands prevents the wood stork from nesting, and promotes predation from raccoons (U.S. Successful breeding depends on normal hydrocycles. L&pʌ0�d Wood storks need normal flooding to increase prey population with a natural drawdown to concentrate prey in one area (J. Rodgers pers comm. Since the 1930s, the number of breeding pairs of all wading birds has declined by 90 percent. 0000001075 00000 n 33034, The Food Habits and Nesting Success of Wood Storks in Everglades National Park in 1974, Relation of Water Level and Fish Availability to Wood Stork Reproduction in the Southern Everglades, Florida. 0000014011 00000 n Wood Stork populations are vulnerable to changes in water levels.

John C. Odgen, James A. Kushlan, and James T. Tilmant, 1978, Relation of Water Level and Fish Availability to Wood Stork Reproduction in the Southern Everglades, Florida

0000001096 00000 n 0000006639 00000 n H�c```g``�``a`�a`@ ��9.��.���|�nP X�Dź��g>�/dz{�����gN�X��/�8UH��@1�8� #C[3��@��O�e ~����Y?ߚ�f�7} endstream endobj 156 0 obj 119 endobj 135 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 418 658 ] /Parent 128 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 136 0 R >> /XObject << /im1 154 0 R >> /ProcSet 152 0 R >> /Contents [ 138 0 R 140 0 R 142 0 R 144 0 R 146 0 R 148 0 R 150 0 R 153 0 R ] /CropBox [ 0 0 418 658 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 136 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F0 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 137 0 obj 1612 endobj 138 0 obj << /Filter /LZWDecode /Length 137 0 R >> stream Indicator species serve as excellent messengers of the past, present, and future because their specific habitat requirements are so closely associated with one particular environment. Because it is much easier to count and record the biology of one or more indicator species than it is to measure the more complex workings of an ecosystem, close monitoring of carefully selected species provides important information about the health of the entire system. James A. Kushlan, John C. Ogden, and Aaron L. Higer, 1975, 40001 State Road 9336 ����� H�* ␳"�)�r;(j�'2p�}8�� �4��B� The Wood Stork superficially resembles an adult White Ibis and was formerly known as the Wood … The indicator role of the Wood Stork is supported by the total number of all species of wading birds nesting in mainland colonies within the Everglades, which also has declined during the same time period. It is the only stork breeding in the United States and was placed on the Federal Endangered Species list in 1984. 0000010429 00000 n 2011). The U.S. 0000003258 00000 n A stork locates food -- mostly small, freshwater fish -- not by sight but by tactolocation, or groping with its bill in shallow water. 0000007831 00000 n trailer << /Size 92 /Info 64 0 R /Root 69 0 R /Prev 688873 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 69 0 obj << /Pages 67 0 R /Type /Catalog >> endobj 90 0 obj << /S 85 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 91 0 R >> stream 0000000882 00000 n 0000001116 00000 n Under these conditions, depending upon levels of genetic uniqueness and gene

%PDF-1.2 %���� The Everglades of the 1930s, largely undrained and without complex water-control structures, supported a nesting of population of 5,000 to 15,000 pairs of Wood … 0000004163 00000 n The dwindling population of Wood Storks in south Florida does not mean that the species is going extinct, but that they have moved to more suitable habitat in other locations such as north Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. �a��n �*��oU�U�5��;_�����`�Yi��h"��d7]i����]ի���u�J˂��pS��-�k�Ph._�;L�.�/X)Lc�*Xq��a��P��y04cQM(q�38��g��} Axi�1��e����]�A��.�l�[^�7���ik�/Jr�< 0000009391 00000 n 0000001522 00000 n 0000001545 00000 n

Wood storks stand at about 34 to 45 inches (86-115 centimeters) tall and have wingspans of 60 to 65 inches (152-165 centimeters). Map showing wood stork use of private lands in SW FL.

sufficient time for numbers of Wood Storks to increase significantly since the population de- cline of the 1930s have been invoked to explain the lack of significant genetic divergence among Wood Stork colonies in Florida (Stangel et al. Photo: Jason Lauritsen . %PDF-1.2 %���� 0000005410 00000 n 0000000831 00000 n �L�c�JM������L�e$&���=8�jj�ʐ,���bx�A 0000007854 00000 n

0000001368 00000 n D! Audubon Sot. Knowledge of the habitat requirements of Wood Storks makes it possible to revise water-management practices to restore suitable feeding conditions for wading birds. trailer << /Size 157 /Info 127 0 R /Root 134 0 R /Prev 1088053 /ID[<7d4ddc2d18ce02600cb32df71210ea90><7d4ddc2d18ce02600cb32df71210ea90>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 134 0 obj << /Pages 132 0 R /Type /Catalog >> endobj 155 0 obj << /S 122 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 156 0 R >> stream j|΄*��+�r��4Ld>J‰�hf�-�|������k�\&���o#��(J�������8��>��B��"�/���a�p�7��|�C In addition to documenting the deterioration of the ecosystem, the Wood Stork data provide information that is needed for successful restoration of the ecosystem.

0000012465 00000 n Name Games. 0000001488 00000 n 0000009167 00000 n 0000006304 00000 n Although the status of the Wood Stork has been downlisted from endangered to threatened, the Everglades ecosystem is still endangered.

0000002830 00000 n From 1976 through 1985 two aerial censuses wre flown annually over penin- The quality and quantity of the required environment directly determines the well-being and the number of that species.

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